HIV PEP: Stop HIV within 72 hours of sex | HIV Testing: 20 min result, 28 days after sex | STD Testing: Full & comprehensive |
HIV Screening Test Singapore.
HIV Screening Test Singapore: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) screening test clinic, Singapore. Private and confidential service. Definitions, references, and latest news.
Table of Contents
HIV Test / HIV Testing / HIV Check / HIV Checking / HIV Screen / HIV Screening
Window period Test | Notes | Sampling Method Time to Results Cost / Price |
---|---|---|
0-72 hours No test available |
| |
2 weeks (as short as 10-12 days) HIV DNA test |
| Venipuncture (Monday-Friday before 10am) 1-2 weeks SG$1,110/= |
1 month HIV combo test |
| Fingerprick 20 minute HIV rapid test SG$150/= |
1 month HIV duo test |
| Venipuncture 1-2 days SG$48/= |
3 months OraQuick® |
| HIV oral test / HIV saliva test / Fingerprick 20 minute HIV rapid test SG$50/= |
3 months HIV blood test |
| Venipuncture 1-2 days SG$12/= |
HIV confirmation HIV western blot test |
| Venipuncture 1-2 weeks SG$275/= |
HIV follow-up HIV RNA test |
| Venipuncture (Monday-Friday before 10am) 1-2 weeks SG$717/= |
HIV is the abbreviation for the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
HIV symptoms which may present in acute HIV infection:
- Fever
- Malaise
- Myalgia
- Rash
- Headache
- Night sweats
- Sore throat
- Lymphadenopathy
- Arthralgia
- Nasal congestion
Remember, there is no HIV cure.
HIV window period is the time from HIV infection until a HIV Test can detect any change. Within the HIV window period, the HIV Test would be negative. During this period, the HIV viral load is extremely high, thus making the person highly infectious.
- 4 weeks after exposure, a negative 4th generation HIV ELISA Test "is very reassuring / highly likely to exclude HIV infection."
- 12 weeks after exposure, a negative 3rd generation HIV ELISA Test "would definitively exclude HIV infection."
- 2010 March 15 BASHH Statement on HIV window period
- 1st generation: HIV-1 IgG antibody
- 2nd generation: HIV-1 & HIV-2 IgG antibodies
- 3rd generation: HIV-1 & HIV-2 IgG & IgM antibodies
- 3 month HIV window period
- 4th generation: HIV-1 & HIV-2 IgG & IgM antibodies and HIV p24 antigen
- 1 month HIV window period
- SD Bioline HIV Ag/Ab Combo test
- 4th generation HIV ELISA test.
- 1 month HIV window period.
- Recommended when exposure was 1 month or more ago
- Fingerprick blood sampling
- Cost/price is S$150/=.
- OraQuick® Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test
- 3rd generation HIV ELISA test.
- 3 month HIV window period.
- Recommended when exposure was 3 months or more ago
- HIV oral test / HIV saliva test or Fingerprick blood sampling
- Cost/price is S$50/=.
Note: If the clinic attendance is only for the HIV rapid test, then consultation fees are not added.
References
- SD BIOLINE HIV Ag/Ab Combo
- LIST OF RAPID HIV TEST KITS REGISTERED WITH THE HEALTH SCIENCES AUTHORITY (HSA) FOR USE IN MEDICAL CLINIC SETTINGS
- OraSure OraQuick® Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test
- OraQuick ADVANCE® Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test Customer Letter
- 2013 March WHO Prequalification of Diagnostics Programme PUBLIC REPORT Product: SD Bioline HIV Ag/Ab Combo
- 2012 March WHO Prequalification of Diagnostics Programme PUBLIC REPORT Product: Alere Determine HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo
- HIV DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) PCR(polymerase chain reaction) NAT (nucleic acid test)
- HIV RNA (ribonucleic acid) test PCR(polymerase chain reaction) NAT (nucleic acid test)
Estimated HIV transmission risk per exposure for specific activities and events
Activity | Risk-per-exposure |
---|---|
Vaginal sex, female-to-male, studies in high-income countries | 0.04% (1:2380) |
Vaginal sex, male-to-female, studies in high-income countries | 0.08% (1:1234) |
Vaginal sex, female-to-male, studies in low-income countries | 0.38% (1:263) |
Vaginal sex, male-to-female, studies in low-income countries | 0.30% (1:333) |
Vaginal sex, source partner is asymptomatic | 0.07% (1:1428) |
Vaginal sex, source partner has late-stage disease | 0.55% (1:180) |
Receptive anal sex amongst gay men, partner unknown status | 0.27% (1:370) |
Receptive anal sex amongst gay men, partner HIV positive | 0.82% (1:123) |
Receptive anal sex with condom, gay men, partner unknown status | 0.18% (1:555) |
Insertive anal sex, gay men, partner unknown status | 0.06% (1:1666) |
Insertive anal sex with condom, gay men, partner unknown status | 0.04% (1:2500) |
Receptive fellatio | Estimates range from 0.00% to 0.04% (1:2500) |
Mother-to-child, mother takes at least two weeks antiretroviral therapy | 0.8% (1:125) |
Mother-to-child, mother takes combination therapy, viral load below 50 | 0.1% (1:1000) |
Injecting drug use | Estimates range from 0.63% (1:158) to 2.4% (1:41) |
Needlestick injury, no other risk factors | 0.13% (1:769) |
Blood transfusion with contaminated blood | 92.5% (9:10) |
Sources: vaginal sex;1 anal sex;2 fellatio;3 2 mother-to-child;4 other activities.5
References
- Boily MC et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis 9(2): 118-129, 2009
- Vittinghoff E et al. Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners. American Journal of Epidemiology 150: 306-311, 1999
- Del Romero J et al. Evaluating the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected orogenital sex. AIDS 16(9): 1296-1297, 2002
- Townsend C et al. Low rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV following effective pregnancy interventions in the United Kingdom and Ireland, 2000-2006. AIDS 22: 973-981, 2008
- Baggaley RF et al. Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion. AIDS 20: 805-812, 2006
- HIV & AIDS Information :: How transmission occurs - Estimated risk per exposure
HIV Risk (2005 figures)
Estimated per-act risk for acquisition of HIV, by exposure route*
Exposure route | Risk per 10,000 exposures to an infected source | % |
---|---|---|
Blood transfusion | 9000 | 90 |
Needle-sharing injection-drug use | 67 | 0.67 |
Receptive anal intercourse | 50 | 0.5 |
Percutaneous needle stick | 30 | 0.3 |
Receptive penile-vaginal intercourse | 10 | 0.1 |
Insertive anal intercourse | 6.5 | 0.065 |
Insertive penile-vaginal intercourse | 5 | 0.05 |
Receptive oral intercourse† | 1 | 0.01 |
Insertive oral intercourse† | 0.5 | 0.005 |
†Source refers to oral intercourse performed on a man.
References
- Estimated per-act risk for acquisition of HIV, by exposure route
- Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection-Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States
HIV risk (2002 figures)
HIV Risk Statistics (chances of getting HIV)
HIV Risk Factors | HIV Transmission Probability |
---|---|
Needle stick injury3 | 1/300 |
Receptive anal intercourse4 | 1/100 |
Receptive vaginal intercourse5 | 1/1000 |
Insertive vaginal intercourse4 | 1/2000 |
Insertive anal intercourse4 | 1/2500 |
Receptive fellatio with ejaculation4 | 1/2500 |
Sharing needles6 | 1/150 |
References
- Cardo DM, Culver DH, Ciesielski CA, et al. A Case-Control Study of HIV Seroconversion in Health Care Workers after Percutaneous Exposure. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1485-1490.
- Katz MH, Gerberding JL. Management of occupational and nonoccupational postexposure HIV prophylaxis. Current Inf Dis Reports. 2002;4:543-549.
- Gerberding JL. Prophylaxis for Occupational Exposure to HIV. Ann Intern Med. 1996;6:497-501
- Vitinghoff E, Douglas J, Judon F, et al. Per-Contact Risk of Human Immunodificiency Virus Transmision between Male Sexual Partners. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;150:306-311.
- Peterman TA, Stoneburner RL, Allen JR, et al. Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission From Heterosexual Adults With Transfusion-Associated Infections. JAMA. 1988;259:55-58. [Erratum. JAMA. 1989;262:502]
- Kaplan EH, Heimer R. A Model-Based Estimate of HIV Infectivity via Needle Sharing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1992;5:1116-1118.
Individuals are eligible for HIV PEP Treatment if all the following criteria are met:
- less than 72 hours has elapsed since exposure;
and - the exposed individual is not known to be HIV infected;
and - the person who is the source of exposure is HIV infected or has unknown HIV status;
and - mucous membrane or non-intact skin was exposed to a potentially infectious body fluid;
For optimal efficacy, antiretroviral therapy should be started as soon as possible, ideally within 1 hour of exposure. So that you can remain HIV negative.
The medications and dosages are the same as those used for lifelong treatment of HIV patients. However, for HIV PEP treatment, it is taken for only a month.
References
- Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection-Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV in the United States
- HIV postexposure prophylaxis: Who should get it?
- Lamivudine/zidovudine (Combivir®)
- Lamivudine (3TC®) (NRTI)
- Zidovudine (ZDV) (NRTI)
- Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®)
TORCH complex is a medical acronym for a set of perinatal infections (i.e. infections that are passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus), that can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss. |
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