Sex Singapore | Shim Clinic
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Sex Singapore: classification and terminology
- Sexually transmitted disease
(STD) – refers only to infections that are causing symptoms. - Sexually transmitted infection
(STI) – refers to infection with any germ that can cause an STD, even if the infected person has no symptoms. - Venereal disease
(VD) – term used before the 1990s. - Genitourinary medicine
(GUM) is an expanding specialty which is primarily related to the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). - Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity.
Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.
For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled. - Sex or “sexual activity” means — (a) sexual activity occasioned by the introduction into the vagina, anus or mouth of any person of any part of the penis of another person; or (b) cunnilingus.
Venereal |
Genitourinary |
Urogenital |
Genital |
References
- Defining sexual health
- INFECTIOUS DISEASES ACT (CHAPTER 137) REVISED EDITION 2003
@statutes.agc.gov.sg
Disease | Organism | Incubation | Symptoms | Investigation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Viral | ||||
HIV infection | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | 2-4w | 50% None, 50% Flu-like: acute seroconversion syndrome |
HIV test |
Asymptomatic phase | ||||
3-20y 8y average |
AIDS | |||
Hepatitis B | Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | 40-160d | Flu-like: prodromal phase Jaundice: icteric phase |
HBsAg |
Genital herpes | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | 1d-2w | Multiple painful blisters & ulcers | HSV Serology HSV PCR |
Genital warts | Human papillomavirus (HPV) | 3-6m | Cauliflower growths | HPV test |
Molluscum contagiosum | Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) | 2-7w | Pearly growths | Histology |
Bacterial | ||||
Syphilis | Treponema pallidum | 9-90d | Chancre: 1° syphilis |
VDRL test RPR test TPHA test FTA-Abs test |
2-6m | Rash: 2° syphilis |
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<1 year | Asymptomatic: early latent |
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>1 year | Asymptomatic: late latent |
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5-10 years | Benign gumma, Cardiovascular syphilis, Neurosyphilis: 3° syphilis |
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Gonorrhoea (UK) Gonorrhea (US) |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 1d-2w | Urethral 90%, Cervical 50%, Pharyngeal & Rectal 10%: pain & discharge |
Gram-negative intracellular diplococci smear, Gonococcal culture, Gonococcal PCR |
Chlamydia infection | Chlamydia trachomatis | 1-3w | Pain & discharge | Chlamydia PCR |
Protozoal | ||||
Trichomoniasis | Trichomonas vaginalis | Female: foul discharge & itch Male: urethritis |
BD Affirm™ VP III | |
Fungal | ||||
Candidiasis (Yeast infection) |
Candida albicans | Female: cheesy discharge & itch Male: rash |
BD Affirm™ VP III | |
Parasitic | ||||
Pubic lice | ||||
Scabies | Sarcoptes scabiei |
- Classification and Terminology
- Symptoms
- Testing
- Treatment
- Prevention
Sexual risk (of HIV/STD/pregnancy), and what you can do before and after exposure.
Timeline | HIV | STD | Pregnancy |
---|---|---|---|
Before exposure | |||
Contraception (females only) |
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HIV PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) – Stop HIV infection before exposure |
STD vaccine: – Hepatitis vaccine – HPV vaccine |
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STD / HIV exposure | No condom / Condom broke / Condom slip |
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0-72 hours | HIV PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) – Stop HIV infection after exposure |
STD testing * – Screening test – to look for asymptomatic infections – from previous exposures |
Emergency contraception with the morning-after pill (females only) |
2 weeks | HIV DNA Test | ||
1 month | HIV 4th Generation Test – SD Bioline HIV Ag/Ab Combo – Fingerprick blood sampling. – 20 minutes to results |
||
3 months | HIV 3rd Generation Test – OraQuick® HIV-1/2 Antibody – Oral fluid or – Fingerprick blood sampling. – 20 minutes to results |
STD testing * – Full & comprehensive – diagnostic test – to look for current infections |
|
Watch for | HIV Symptoms | STD Symptoms | |
If infected | HIV Treatment | STD Treatment | Abortion |
* Males: Do not urinate for at least 4 hours before arriving.
* Females: testing is more accurate when you are not menstruating.
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Related Concepts
Classification and terminology
- Sexually transmitted disease (STD)
- Sexually transmitted infection (STI)
- Venereal disease (VD)
- Genitourinary medicine (GUM)
- Sexual health
- Sex means “sexual activity“
Sexual |
Venereal |
Genitourinary |
Genital |
Urogenital