Cervical Cancer | Shim Clinic, STD CLINIC SINGAPORE™

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Summary

Cervical Cancer | Shim Clinic, STD CLINIC SINGAPORE™: Cervical cancer prevention is available with the cervical cancer vaccine clinic, Singapore. Definitions, references, and latest news.

Description

Table of Contents

• HPV (human papillomavirus)
• Genital warts
  • Genital Warts Treatment
• Cervical Cancer
  • Cervical Cancer Vaccine
• HPV vaccine
  • Gardasil®
  • Cervarix®
  • V503
• HPV test

• 100% of cervical cancers is caused by HPV (human papillomavirus).
• 70% of cervical cancers is caused by HPV types 16 & 18. Which may be prevented by vaccination with Gardasil® or Cervarix®.
• 90% cervical cancers is caused by HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Which may be prevented by vaccination with V503. It may be available by 2013.

• Gardasil® [HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant]
• Cervarix® [HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Bivalent (Types 16 and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant]
• V503 [HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Nonavalent (Types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) Vaccine, Recombinant]

• 2006 June 8th - US FDA approves use in females aged 9 to 26 years
• 2006 - Singapore HSA approval
• 2008 September 12th - US FDA approves use to prevent vulvar and vaginal cancer
• 2009 October 16th - US FDA approves use to prevent genital warts in males aged 9 to 26 years
• 2010 December 22nd - US FDA approves use to prevent anal cancer in males and females aged 9 to 26 years
• 2010 December 22nd - Singapore HSA approves use to prevent genital warts in males aged 9 to 26 years
• 2011 April 5th - US FDA approves use in women 27 through 45 years of age

• 2007 - Singapore HSA approval
• 2009 October 16th - US FDA approves use in females aged 10 to 25 years
• 2011 July 19th - US FDA approves use in females as young as 9 years of age
• 2011 August 3rd - Singapore HSA approves use for the prevention of persistent infection, premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer

• 2007 October 12th - Broad Spectrum HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine Study in 16-to 26-Year-Old Women (V503-001)
• 2009 July 21st - A Study of V503 in Preadolescents and Adolescents (V503-002)
• 2010 May 11th - The Phase III trial is ongoing and Merck anticipates filing a Biologics License Application (BLA) in 2012
• 2010 July - Merck is recruiting for Phase III clinical trials of a nine-valent vaccine

Vaccine	Against	Disease	Doses req'd	Dose schedule	Price per dose (SG$)
Hepatitis A vaccine	Hepatitis A virus	Hepatitis A	2	mo. 0 & 6	$90/=
Hepatitis B vaccine	Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis B	3-4	mo. 0, 1, & 6 or mo. 0, 1, 2, & 12 or d. 0, 7, 21 & mo. 12	$50/=
Twinrix®	Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis A Hepatitis B	3-4	mo. 0, 1, & 6 or d. 0, 7, 21 & mo. 12	$120/=
Gardasil® - HPV vaccine	HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18	Genital warts Cervical cancer	3	mo. 0, 2, & 6 or mo. 0, 1, & 4	$195/=
Cervarix® - HPV vaccine	HPV types 16 and 18 (31, 33, and 45)	Genital warts Cervical cancer	3	mo. 0, 1, & 6	$195/=
V503 - HPV vaccine	HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58	Genital warts Cervical cancer	3	mo. 0, 2, & 6 or mo. 0, 1, & 4	$???/=

References

• TWINRIX.com

HPV test for men/women.

• Digene® High-Risk HPV DNA Test
  • QIAGEN - digene HC2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test - For detection of human papillomavirus infections using hybrid capture 2 technology
  • Detects 13 high-risk HPV types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68.
  • Unable to differentiate which types are positive.
  • Cost is SG$200/=
• Digene® HPV DNA Test
  • QIAGEN - digene HC2 HPV DNA Test - For detection of human papillomavirus infections
  • Detects 13 high-risk HPV types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68. And 5 low-risk types: 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44.
  • Unable to differentiate which types are positive.
  • Not available in Singapore. Unlikely to be available in future.
• Hybribio®
  • HPV GenoArray Test Kit
  • Detects 15 high-risk HPV types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68. And 6 low-risk HPV types: 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, CP8304
  • Able to differentiate which types are positive.
  • May be available in Singapore soon.
• Cobas® 4800 HPV Test
  • Cobas® 4800 HPV Test
  • Detects 14 high-risk HPV types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68
  • The test specifically identifies (types) HPV 16 and HPV 18, while concurrently detecting the rest of the high risk types (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68)
  • Cost is SG$200/=

HPV (human papillomavirus) There are nearly 200 known types of HPV. They cause

• 100% of genital warts
• 100% of cervical cancers in females,
• 90% of anal cancers in males & females
• 40% of external genitalia cancers
  • penile cancers in males,
  • vulvar cancers in females,
  • vaginal cancers in females,
• 12% of oropharyngeal cancers (mouth and throat cancers)
• 3% of oral cancers

• HPV types 1 and 2 cause plantar warts
• HPV types 3 and 10 cause flat warts
• HPV types 6 and 11 (preventable with Gardasil® vaccination) cause 90% of genital warts
• HPV types 16 and 18 (preventable with Gardasil® or Cervarix® vaccination) cause 70% of cervical cancers in females
• HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 (preventable with V503 vaccination) cause 90% of cervical cancers in females. It may be available by 2013.

Genital warts is also known as condyloma, condylomata acuminata, venereal wart, anal wart, anogenital wart, and "cauliflower" sex disease.

Genital warts appear within 3 months after sexual contact with an infected person.

Genital warts:

• are usually soft, pink cauliflower-like growths or flesh-coloured bumps on the sex organs
• may also be hard and smooth
• occur alone or in groups
• tend to recur after treatment
• increase the risk of cervical cancer in women.

A person with genital warts can infect others through sexual contact.

Genital warts treatment is usually by cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen. Genital warts removal may also be done by curettage.

Prevention is possible with a HPV vaccine like Gardasil®, which covers types 6 and 11, as they cause 90% of genital warts.

References

• Cervical cancer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Cervical cancer: Definition from Answers.com
• Cervical cancer - definition of Cervical cancer in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.

US Pediatricians Recommend Routine HPV Vaccination For Boys
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 20:00:00 +0100 | Health News from Medical News Today
As part of a revised standard published this week, the American Academy of Pediatrics says boys should be routinely vaccinated against the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that is spread through sexual contact. Although there are dozens of types of HPV, vaccines can protect both male and females against some of the more common types that can lead to disease and cancer... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

UNFPA Joins the 'Hellosmile' Global Project to Prevent Cervical Cancer - 17 January 2012
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 12:20:46 +0100 | UNFPA News
UNITED NATIONS, New York—UNFPA has joined Tokyo FM Radio and other Japanese partners, including the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Sanrio, maker of the popular 'Hello Kitty' doll; UNIQLO, the global clothing company; and Japan Airlines in the Hellosmile Project—a worldwide effort to prevent cervical cancer. (Source: UNFPA News)

Socioeconomic disparities in the uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening in Italy: a cross sectional study.
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 | BMC Public Health - Latest articles
Conclusions: Inequalities in the uptake of female screening widely exist in Italy. Organized screening programs may have an important role in increasing screening attendance and tackling inequalities. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Malaria kills twice as many people as previously thought, research finds
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:41:00 +0100 | Guardian Unlimited Science
Malaria kills 1.2 million people every year, a finding that has implications for global efforts to eliminate the diseaseMalaria kills twice as many people every year as formerly believed, taking 1.2 million lives and causing the deaths not only of babies but also older children and adults, according to research that overturns decades of assumptions about one of the world's most lethal diseases.The findings from the research, published on Friday, which has reanalysed 30 years of data on the disease using new techniques, will force a rethink of the huge global effort that has been under way to eliminate malaria. That ambition now looks highly unlikely by the UN target date of 2015.It also raises urgent questions about the future of the troubled Global Fund to Fight ----, TB and Malaria, whic...

Cervical cancer: There's an app for that
Thu, 02 Feb 2012 14:47:34 +0100 | USATODAY.com Health
A novel Facebook app is being used to raise awareness about cervical cancer and ways to possibly avoid it, such as screening and vaccination ... (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

Recommendations For HPV And Hepatitis B Vaccinations Broadened By 2012 Adult Immunization Schedule
Thu, 02 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100 | Health News from Medical News Today
The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) now recommends routine HPV vaccination for males aged 11 to 12 years and catch-up vaccination for males aged 13 to 21. These are just two of the changes to the 2012 Recommended Adult Immunization Schedule published February 1 in Annals of Internal Medicine, the flagship journal of the American College of Physicians (ACP). In addition to the changes in the HPV vaccine, the ACIP now recommends vaccination against Hepatitis B for adults younger than age 60 who have diabetes, as soon as possible after diabetes is diagnosed... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Predictive index for lymph node management of major salivary gland cancer
Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 | The Laryngoscope
Conclusions:A predictive index using the clinicopathologic factors described in this report can effectively stratify patients into risk groups for nodal metastasis. Comprehensive management based on this risk index should improve treatment outcomes for patients with salivary gland cancer. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 | Molecular Biology Reports
Authors: Sergentanis TN, Economopoulos KP, Choussein S, Vlahos NF Abstract This meta-analysis aims to examine whether the genotype status of MspI and Ile462Val polymorphisms in Cytochrome-P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is associated with cervical cancer risk. Eligible case-control studies were identified through search in MEDLINE (end of search: October 2010). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were appropriately derived from fixed-effects or random effects models. Concerning MspI polymorphism, six studies were eligible (722 cases and 770 controls); four studies were eligible (350 cases and 519 controls) for Ile462Val. MspI polymorphism was associated with elevated cervical cancer risk (for heterozygous TC vs. TT carriers OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.93-2.42, random effects; for homozygous CC vs. TT carriers O...

Cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratios in Georgia
Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 | Cancer
CONCLUSIONS:More fatal cancers, particularly prostate, cervical, and oral cancer in men were detected among blacks, especially in central Georgia, where health behavior and social/economic factors were worse. MIRs are an efficient indicator of survival and provide insight into racial cancer disparities. Additional examination of geographic determinants of cancer fatality in Georgia as indicated by MIRs is warranted. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society (Source: Cancer)