Swine Flu | Shim Clinic, Singapore

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• Influenza (Flu)
• Influenza Symptoms
• Influenza Treatment
  • Tamiflu®
  • Relenza®
• Influenza Vaccine
• Influenza Vaccine History
• 2009 Influenza Pandemic
• 2009 Influenza Pandemic Vaccine

• Swine flu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Swine flu: Definition from Answers.com
• Swine flu - definition of Swine flu in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.

Nature publishes details of bird flu strain that could spread among people
Wed, 02 May 2012 17:14:00 +0100 | Guardian Unlimited Science
Publication of bird flu study was delayed after warnings that the information could be exploited by terroristsControversial research on a hybrid strain of bird flu that could potentially spread between humans was published on Wednesday in Nature after security restrictions on the work were lifted.Scientists created the virus by merging a mutated strain of bird flu with the "swine flu" virus that sparked a human pandemic in 2009. The hybrid strain spread easily between ferrets – the best proxy that flu researchers have for people – but was not lethal and could be controlled with antiviral drugs and bird flu vaccines.The work by Yoshihiro Kawaoka at the University of Wisconsin-Madison was submitted last year to the journal, but was delayed after the US government's biosecurity advisers s...

[A(H1N1)v cases of the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 influenza seasons in the Medical and Health Sciences Centre of Debrecen University].
Sun, 29 Apr 2012 04:00:00 +0100 | Orvosi Hetilap
Conclusion: It is an important task to protect oncohematological and organ transplant patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 649-654. PMID: 22543220 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orvosi Hetilap)

Human Infections with Novel Reassortant Influenza A(H3N2)v Viruses, United States, 2011.
Sat, 28 Apr 2012 10:30:32 +0100 | Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Lindstrom S, Garten R, Balish A, Shu B, Emery S, Berman L, Barnes N, Sleeman K, Gubareva L, Villanueva J, Klimov A Abstract During July-December 2011, a variant virus, influenza A(H3N2)v, caused 12 human cases of influenza. The virus contained genes originating from swine, avian, and human viruses, including the M gene from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Influenza A(H3N2)v viruses were antigenically distinct from seasonal influenza viruses and similar to proposed vaccine virus A/Minnesota/11/2010. PMID: 22516540 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases)

Differentiated swine airway epithelial cell cultures for the investigation of influenza A virus infection and replication
Wed, 25 Apr 2012 04:57:42 +0100 | Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
Conclusions  Retinoic acid promoted ciliogenesis, whereas epidermal growth factor controlled the thickness of the pseudoepithelium. The optimal concentrations for differentiated swine cell cultures were 1·5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor and 100 nm retinoic acid. Influenza A viruses infected and productively replicated in these cultures in the absence of exogenous trypsin, suggesting that the cultures express a protease capable of activating influenza virus hemagglutinin. Differences in virus infection and replication characteristics found previously in pigs in vivo were recapitulated in the swine cultures. This system could be a useful tool for a range of applications, including investigating influenza virus species specificity, defining cell tropism of influenza viruses in the swin...

Biosecurity aspects and pathogen inactivation in acidified high risk animal by-products.
Sat, 21 Apr 2012 09:31:13 +0100 | Herpes
Authors: Vinnerås B, Samuelson A, Emmoth E, Nyberg KA, Albihn A Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of formic acid addition to ground high risk animal by-products (ABP 1) in terms of stabilization and pathogen inactivation and to evaluate the biosecurity risk connected with the ABP 1 based combustion fuel Biomal. Laboratory studies were performed on the persistence of Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus spores, porcine herpes virus, avian influenza virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, equine rhinitis A virus and porcine parvovirus in Biomal at different storage times. It was shown that Salmonella and enveloped viruses were inactivated within 1 day (24 h). Bacillus cereus spores were not reduced during 147 days and the non-enveloped virus porcine parvovi...

Antibodies Cross-Reactive to Influenza A (H3N2) Variant Virus and Impact of 2010-11 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine on Cross-Reactive Antibodies - United States.
Fri, 13 Apr 2012 04:00:00 +0100 | MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl...
Authors: Abstract Since August 2011, a total of 12 human infections with influenza A (H3N2) variant viruses with genes from avian, swine, and human viruses (i.e., A [H3N2]v) that had acquired the M gene from influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus have been reported to CDC. Eleven of the cases occurred in children aged <10 years. In six cases, no history of recent exposure to swine was noted, suggesting that human-to-human transmission had occurred. This new gene constellation for A (H3N2)v viruses and its temporal association with an increase in human cases of A (H3N2)v highlight the need to better understand the risk for human infection with these viruses and the extent to which current seasonal vaccines might elicit cross-reactive antibodies to them. CDC conducted a preliminary analy...

Avian influenza A virus PB2 promotes interferon type I inducing properties of a swine strain in porcine dendritic cells.
Wed, 11 Apr 2012 08:16:33 +0100 | Virology
Authors: Ocaña-Macchi M, Ricklin ME, Python S, Monika GA, Stech J, Stech O, Summerfield A Abstract The 2009 influenza A virus (IAV) pandemic resulted from reassortment of avian, human and swine strains probably in pigs. To elucidate the role of viral genes in host adaptation regarding innate immune responses, we focussed on the effect of genes from an avian H5N1 and a porcine H1N1 IAV on infectivity and activation of porcine GM-CSF-induced dendritic cells (DC). The highest interferon type I responses were achieved by the porcine virus reassortant containing the avian polymerase gene PB2. This finding was not due to differential tropism since all viruses infected DC equally. All viruses equally induced MHC class II, but porcine H1N1 expressing the avian viral PB2 induced more promi...

Identification of three H1N1 influenza virus groups with natural recombinant genes circulating from 1918 to 2009.
Wed, 11 Apr 2012 08:15:26 +0100 | Virology
In this study, we identify a recombinant pb1 gene, a recombinant MP segment and a recombinant PA segment. The pb1 gene is recombined from two Eurasia swine H1N1 influenza virus lineages. It belongs to a H1N1 swine clade circulating in Europe and Asia from 1999 to 2009. The mosaic MP segment descends from H7 avian and H1N1 human virus lineages and pertains to a large human H1N1 virus family circulating in Asia, Europe and America from 1918 to 2007. The recombinant PA segment originated from two swine H1N1 lineages is found in a swine H1N1 group prevailing in Asia and Europe from 1999 to 2003. These results collectively falsify the hypothesis that influenza virus do not evolve by homologous recombination. Since recombination not only leads to virus genome diversity but also can alter its hos...

Serological evidence of swine influenza in Brazil
Fri, 06 Apr 2012 04:00:00 +0100 | Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
This study indicates that swine influenza is disseminated throughout Minas Gerais state, Brazil. (Source: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses)

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