STD Treatment | Shim Clinic, STD CLINIC SINGAPORE™

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Summary

STD Treatment | Shim Clinic, STD CLINIC SINGAPORE™: Sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms in men/women, screening/diagnosis, testing/check, treatment clinic, Singapore - Private and confidential service. Definitions, references, and latest news.

Description

Table of Contents

• STD Classification and Terminology
• STD Symptoms
  • Genital Pain
  • Genital Discharge
• Urethritis
• STD Testing
• STD Treatment
• STD Vaccine

Disease	Organism	Investigation	Treatment
Bacterial
Syphilis	Treponema pallidum	VDRL test RPR test TPHA test FTA-Abs test	Benzathine penicillin injection
Gonorrhoea / gonorrhea	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Gonococcal PCR	Ceftriaxone injection
Chlamydia infection	Chlamydia trachomatis	Chlamydia PCR	Doxycycline or Azithromycin orally
Protozoal
Trichomoniasis	Trichomonas vaginalis	fishy smell	Metronidazole or Tinidazole orally
Fungal
Candidiasis (Yeast infection)	Candida albicans	cheesy discharge	Fluconazole orally, and Clotrimazole pessaries in females
Viral
HIV infection	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	HIV test	HIV PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis)
Hepatitis B	Hepatitis B virus (HBV)	HBsAg+ = infection, HBsAb+ = immunity	Hepatitis B vaccine if not immune
Genital herpes	Herpes simplex virus (HSV)	Serology	Aciclovir/Acyclovir
Genital warts	Human papillomavirus (HPV)	Clinical	Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery and HPV vaccine
Molluscum contagiosum	Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)	Clinical	Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery
Parasitic
Pubic lice
Scabies

STD symptoms include:

• Genital pain
• Genital discharge
• Genital ulcer may be caused by genital herpes, syphilis or chancroid.
• Genital blisters may be caused by genital herpes
• Genital growths may be caused by genital warts, or molluscum contagiosum.
• Genital rash may be caused by candidiasis
• No symptoms may appear in HIV infection.

• Painful urination (dysuria) is one of the STD symptoms in men. It is due to urethritis.
• Vaginal pain is one of the STD symptoms in women. It is due to cervicitis when she engages in vaginal sex.
• Anal pain is one of the STD symptoms in gay men and women, It is due to proctitis when they engage in anal sex

• Uretheral discharge is discharge from the urethra, a STD symptom in men. It is a symptom of urethritis.
• Vaginal discharge, is discharge from the vagina, a STD symptom in women. It is a symptom of cervicitis.
• Anal discharge is discharge from the anus. a STD symptom in gay men and women, It is a symptom of Proctitis.

Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. The most common symptom is dysuria (painful urination), followed by urethral discharge / genital discharge. For treatment purposes, it is classified in two categories:

• Gonococcal urethritis
• Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) Common causes are:
  • Bacterial
    • Chlamydia infection (most common)
    • Ureaplasma urealyticum
    • Mycoplasma hominis
  • Protozoal
    • Trichomoniasis (rare)
  • Viral
    • Herpes simplex (rare)

Full/Total/Complete STD Testing / STD Check / Sexual Health Screening packages (price includes consultation fees):

• Men who practice insertive sex SG$497/=
• Women who practice vaginal sex SG$737/= (includes Digene® HPV DNA & ThinPrep® test)
• Either sex practicing anal sex SG$697/= (includes Digene® HPV DNA test)
• Other variations - discuss with the doctor.

• Clinical History
• Physical Examination - Consider trimming your pubic hair with a scissors to about 1mm length. It will be easier to see and treat any disease. Do not shave. Shaving cuts the skin, and may spread any existing disease.
• Laboratory Testing - When you arrive at the clinic, do not go to the toilet. Should we need to sample your urine for testing, it is recommended that the urine be retained in your bladder for 4 hours or more.

Optional tests:

• OraQuick® Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test SG$60/=. Results in 20 minutes.
• Digene® HPV DNA test SG$200/=, or
• Digene® HPV DNA & ThinPrep® test (females only) SG$240/=

Classification and terminology

• Sexually transmitted disease (STD) - refers only to infections that are causing symptoms.
• Sexually transmitted infection (STI) - refers to infection with any germ that can cause an STD, even if the infected person has no symptoms.
• Venereal disease (VD) - term used before the 1990s.
• Genitourinary medicine (GUM) is an expanding specialty which is primarily related to the treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Sexual health is a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity. Sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence. For sexual health to be attained and maintained, the sexual rights of all persons must be respected, protected and fulfilled.

Vaccine	Against	Disease	Doses req'd	Dose schedule	Price per dose (SG$)
Hepatitis A vaccine	Hepatitis A virus	Hepatitis A	2	mo. 0 & 6	$90/=
Hepatitis B vaccine	Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis B	3-4	mo. 0, 1, & 6 or mo. 0, 1, 2, & 12 or d. 0, 7, 21 & mo. 12	$50/=
Twinrix®	Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis A Hepatitis B	3-4	mo. 0, 1, & 6 or d. 0, 7, 21 & mo. 12	$120/=
Gardasil® - HPV vaccine	HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18	Genital warts Cervical cancer	3	mo. 0, 2, & 6 or mo. 0, 1, & 4	$195/=
Cervarix® - HPV vaccine	HPV types 16 and 18 (31, 33, and 45)	Genital warts Cervical cancer	3	mo. 0, 1, & 6	$195/=
V503 - HPV vaccine	HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58	Genital warts Cervical cancer	3	mo. 0, 2, & 6 or mo. 0, 1, & 4	$???/=

References

• TWINRIX.com

Sexual risk (of STD/HIV/pregnancy), and what you can do before and after exposure.

References

• Sexually transmitted disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Sexually transmitted disease: Definition from Answers.com
• Sexually transmitted disease - definition of Sexually transmitted disease in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
• WHO | Sexually transmitted infections
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Information from CDC
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (HPB publication)

Susan G. Komen Starts U-Turn After Planned Parenthood Cut-Off
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 19:00:00 +0100 | Health News from Medical News Today
After announcing that it was going to cut funding for Planned Parenthood's breast screenings, Susan G. Komen for the Cure, a breast cancer foundation, today announced that it is changing its funding criteria, meaning it will probably resume funding to Planned Parenthood, a sexual health organization. The public outcry regarding alleged reasons for Planned Parenthood being dropped as a grantee by Komen appears to have taken the breast cancer charity by surprise... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

WHO to issue guidance on hormonal contraceptives and HIV
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 10:00:00 +0100 | WHO news
3 February 2012 -- Current WHO guidelines call on health service providers to remind patients, that neither hormonal contraceptives nor intrauterine devices known as IUDs offer protection against HIV or other sexually transmitted infections. Protection against both unwanted pregnancy and STIs including HIV is called "dual protection" and condoms are the mainstay of dual protection. (Source: WHO news)

Well: HPV Vaccine Now Recommended for Boys, Hepatitis B Vaccine for Diabetes
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 03:29:32 +0100 | NYT Health
Federal health officials recommended this week that all boys be routinely vaccinated against human papillomavirus, or HPV, and that people with diabetes be vaccinated against hepatitis B. (Source: NYT Health)

National Briefing | Health: Officials Recommend the HPV Vaccine for All Boys
Fri, 03 Feb 2012 01:10:05 +0100 | NYT Health
Federal health officials recommended on Thursday that all boys be routinely vaccinated against infection with human papillomavirus, or HPV. (Source: NYT Health)

Africa: Empowering Women to Fight HIV
Thu, 02 Feb 2012 22:10:51 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
[allAfrica.com] What makes a young African doctor decide to devote her career to helping women fight HIV? Dr. Sengeziwe Sibeko is a 37-year-old medical researcher with a degree in obstetrics and gynecology from the University of KwaZulu Natal (UKZN) in South Africa, an MSc in epidemiology from Columbia University in the United States, and is about to take up a fellowship to study for her PhD at Oxford University in the United Kingdom. AllAfrica's Julie Frederikse interviewed Dr. Sibeko at the (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)

Africa: Back to the Lab
Thu, 02 Feb 2012 21:54:52 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
[allAfrica.com] Professor Salim Abdool Karim, director of the Centre for the ---- Program of Research in South Africa (Caprisa) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and Columbia University in the United States, spoke to AllAfrica's Julie Frederikse about the unexpected halt of a study into tenofovir vaginal gel. This followed a finding that the microbicide failed to prevent HIV transmission, in contrast to the positive result in a previous study conducted by his Caprisa team. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)

Africa: No Changing Mindset on Contraception 'Overnight'
Thu, 02 Feb 2012 21:41:32 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
[allAfrica.com] Dr. Quarraisha Abdool Karim is an infectious diseases epidemiologist and associate scientific director of the Centre for the ---- Programme of Research in South Africa (Caprisa). AllAfrica's Julie Frederikse spoke to the 51-year-old and asked her about the challenges facing her team as they search for effective ways to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)

Africa: No Time to 'Give Up' on HIV-Fighting Gel
Thu, 02 Feb 2012 21:32:57 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
[allAfrica.com] Durban, South Africa - Africans tracking the worldwide HIV epidemic have not found much to celebrate since ---- began ravaging the continent 30 years ago, but researchers are optimistic that they are learning as much from their failures as their successes. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)

Angola: Population Urged to Do HIV Voluntary Testing
Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:01:26 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
[ANGOP] Luanda - The director of the National Institute to Fight against ---- (INLS), Dulcelina Serrano, urged on Thursday in Luanda every population to regularly do the HIV testing, so as to learn about their Hiv condition. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)