STD Testing Singapore Clinic

STD Testing Singapore Clinic: Sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms in men/women, screening/diagnosis, testing/check, treatment clinic, Singapore - Private and confidential service. Definitions, references, and latest news.

Description

Table of Contents

• STD Classification and Terminology
• STD Symptoms
• STD Testing
• STD Treatment
• STD Vaccines

• Clinical History
• Physical Examination - Consider trimming your pubic hair with a scissors. It will be easier to see and treat any disease. Do not shave. Shaving cuts the skin, and may spread the disease.
• Laboratory Testing - When you arrive at the clinic, do not go to the toilet. Should we need to sample your urine for testing, it is recommended that the urine be retained in your bladder for 4 hours or more.

STD symptoms include:

• Urethral discharge is one of the STD symptoms in men. It is due to urethritis. For treatment purposes, it is classified in two categories:
  • Gonococcal urethritis
  • Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) / non-specific urethritis (NSU). Common causes are:
    • Bacterial
      • Chlamydia infection (most common)
      • Ureaplasma urealyticum
      • Mycoplasma hominis
    • Protozoal
      • Trichomoniasis (rare)
    • Viral
      • Herpes simplex (rare)
• Vaginal discharge is one of the STD symptoms in women. It is due to vaginitis and Cervicitis when they engage in vaginal sex.
• Anal discharge due to proctitis when either sex engages in anal sex
• Genital ulcer due to Herpes, Syphilis or Chancroid.

Classification and terminology

• Venereal disease (VD) - term used before the 1990s.
• Sexually transmitted disease (STD) - refers only to infections that are causing symptoms.
• Sexually transmitted infection (STI) - refers to infection with any germ that can cause an STD, even if the infected person has no symptoms.

Disease	Organism	Investigation	Treatment
Bacterial
Syphilis	Treponema pallidum	VDRL test RPR test TPHA test FTA-Abs test	Benzathine penicillin injection
Gonorrhoea / gonorrhea	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Gonococcal PCR	Ceftriaxone injection
Chlamydia infection	Chlamydia trachomatis	Chlamydia PCR	Doxycycline or Azithromycin orally
Protozoal
Trichomoniasis	Trichomonas vaginalis	fishy smell	Metronidazole or Tinidazole orally
Fungal
Candidiasis (Yeast infection)	Candida albicans	cheesy discharge	Fluconazole orally, and Clotrimazole pessaries in females
Viral
HIV infection	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	HIV test	HIV PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis)
Hepatitis B	Hepatitis B virus (HBV)	HBsAg+ = infection, HBsAb+ = immunity	Hepatitis B vaccination if not immune
Herpes simplex	Herpes simplex virus (HSV)	Serology	Aciclovir/Acyclovir
Genital warts	Human papillomavirus (HPV)	Clinical	Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery and HPV vaccination
Molluscum contagiosum	Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)	Clinical	Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery
Parasitic
Pubic lice
Scabies

STD Vaccines shot/jab/injection to prevent some STDs

• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Twinrix® - Hepatitis A & B vaccine
• HPV (human papillomavirus) Vaccine
  • Gardasil® [HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant]
  • Cervarix® [HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Bivalent (Types 16 and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant]

• Unprotected sex:
  • "Condom broke"
  • "Condom slipped off"
  • "Didn't use a condom"
  • "Forgot to use a condom"
• Assessment and Management
  • STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) Treatment
  • HIV PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/Prevention)
  • Emergency Contraception

References

• STD testing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• STD testing: Definition from Answers.com
• STD testing - definition of STD testing in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
• WHO | Sexually transmitted infections
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Information from CDC
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (HPB publication)

A Mixed Methods Study of the Sexual Health Needs of New England Transmen Who Have Sex with Nontransgender Men
Thu, 29 Jul 2010 03:01:25 +0100 | ---- Patient Care and STDs
---- Patient Care and STDs , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: ---- Patient Care and STDs)

Relations Between Circumcision Status, Sexually Transmitted Infection History, and HIV Serostatus Among a National Sample of Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States
Wed, 28 Jul 2010 12:25:06 +0100 | ---- Patient Care and STDs
---- Patient Care and STDs , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: ---- Patient Care and STDs)

Africa: Secretary Clinton's Message to International ---- Conference
Wed, 28 Jul 2010 12:10:30 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
Secretary Clinton today sent a video message to the International ---- Conference in Vienna, Austria. This biennial conference brings together scientists, policy makers, advocates, persons living with HIV, and others working to end the global ---- epidemic. More than 25,000 people have gathered in the past week to discuss the current state of research, policy, and implementation of measures to combat ----, and chart a path forward to continue progress against this disease. A transcript of the Secretary's remarks follows: (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)

Africa: ---- 2010 Calls for Resources, Ends With Strong Science Findings
Wed, 28 Jul 2010 12:03:08 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
Universal access to treatment, progress in scientific understanding of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the importance of human rights in responding to the disease highlighted the 18th International ---- Conference. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)

Africa: Do We Have the Courage to Step Out And Take the Lead on ----?
Wed, 28 Jul 2010 10:50:21 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
The experience of African women theologians has been a crucial element in helping faith communities respond to the challenge of HIV and ---- in Africa, says the coordinator of an ecumenical network on the pandemic on the continent. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)

Hormonal Birth Control Alters Scent Communication In Primates
Wed, 28 Jul 2010 10:00:00 +0100 | Health News from Medical News Today
Hormonal contraceptives change the ways captive ring-tailed lemurs relate to one another both socially and sexually, according to a Duke University study that combined analyses of hormones, genes, scent chemicals and behavior. Contraception alters the chemical cues these scent-reliant animals use to determine genetic fitness, relatedness and individuality. And, as a sort of double whammy to birth-control efforts, male lemurs were shown to be less interested in females that were treated with contraceptives... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

DIATHERIX Laboratories Launches STD And HSV Test Panel
Wed, 28 Jul 2010 09:00:00 +0100 | Health News from Medical News Today
DIATHERIX Laboratories, adds a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) panel and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) panel to its line up of highly sensitive, rapid response diagnostic panels. The HSV panel identifies herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 and the STD panel identifies 10 sexually transmitted diseases simultaneously, many of which cannot be accurately identified by current testing methods. These STD organisms, if not appropriately treated, can cause diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhoeae, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, etc. and may lead to blindness, infertility or complications during pregnancy... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Minority ---- Initiative Project::Targeting Youth at Highest Risk for HIV, Other STD, and Teen PregnancyAmong Cooperative Agreement Recipients of RFA-DP08-801 Improving Health and Educational Outcomes of Young People
Wed, 28 Jul 2010 06:15:18 +0100 | Grants.gov
Funding Opportunity Number: RFA-DP08-80101SUPP10 Opportunity Category: OtherFunding Instrument Type: Cooperative AgreementCategory of Funding Activity: HealthCFDA Number: 93.938Eligible Applicants Others (see text field entitled "Additional Information on Eligibility" for clarification)Agency Name HHS-CDC (Source: Grants.gov)

Kenya: Government Takes First Steps to Roll Out Less Toxic ARVs
Tue, 27 Jul 2010 19:16:55 +0100 | AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs
HIV-positive people on treatment will be switched from regimens containing the antiretroviral Stavudine to less toxic combinations in line with UN World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, according to a senior official. (Source: AllAfrica News: HIV----- and STDs)