Influenza Vaccine | Shim Clinic, Singapore

Influenza Vaccine | Shim Clinic, Singapore: Influenza Virus vaccine jab/shot/injection schedule, to vaccinate against the Influenza virus, to immunise against Influenza clinic, Singapore. Private and confidential service. Definitions, references, and latest news.

Description

Influenza viruses constantly evolve, with rapid changes in their characteristics. To be effective, influenza vaccines need to stimulate immunity that protects against the principal strains of virus circulating at the time. Every year, the composition of influenza vaccines is modified separately for the northern and southern hemispheres. Since the antigenic changes in circulating influenza viruses can occur abruptly and at different times of the year, there may be significant differences between prevailing influenza strains in the northern and southern hemispheres. The internationally available vaccines contain three inactivated viral strains, the composition of which is reviewed every 6 months to ensure protection against the strains prevailing in each influenza season. The composition of vaccines is adjusted for the hemisphere in which the vaccine will be used. Thus, a vaccine obtainable in one hemisphere may offer only partial protection against influenza infection in the other hemisphere, although in some years the viruses in the northern and southern vaccines may be antigenically identical. Available seasonal influenza vaccines do not protect against avian influenza.

Travellers with conditions that place them at high risk for complications of influenza should be vaccinated every year. In years in which the northern and southern hemisphere influenza vaccine strains differ, high-risk individuals travelling from one hemisphere to the other shortly before or during the other hemisphere's influenza season should obtain vaccination for the opposite hemisphere two weeks before travel. Where this is not possible, the traveller should arrange vaccination as soon as possible after arriving at the travel destination.

Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines are injected into the deltoid muscle (vaccinees aged >1 year) or the anterolateral aspect of the thigh (vaccinees aged 6–12 months). These vaccines should not be given to children under the age of 6 months; those aged 6–36 months should receive half the adult dose. Previously unvaccinated children aged less than 9 years should receive two injections, administered at least 1 month apart. A single dose of the vaccine is appropriate for schoolchildren aged 9 years and over and for healthy adults. Mild local reactions such as pain or swelling at the injection site are common; systemic reactions such as fever are less common.

Vaccine types available for vaccination / immunisation (uk) / immunization (us) :

If the clinic attendance is just for vaccination alone, no additional consultation fees are charged.

Testing for immunity against the following is available:

Virus	Antibody Test	Price
Varicella zoster virus	Varicella Zoster IgG Antibody	$44/=
Rubella virus	Rubella IgG Antibody	$24/=
Hepatitis A virus	Hepatitis A IgG Antibody	$30/=
Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis B surface Antibody	$10/=

Other vaccines not stocked

• Haemophilus influenzae type b Vaccine / HIB Vaccine
• Polio Vaccine
• Rotavirus Vaccine
• Tuberculosis Vaccine / TB Vaccine / BCG Vaccine
• Rabies Vaccine
• Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine / TBE Vaccine

• International certificate of vaccination or prophylaxis
• WHO | Vaccines

• Live attenuated
  • Viral: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, yellow fever, oral polio.
  • Bacterial: BCG.
• Inactivated
  • Whole
    • Viral: hepatitis A, Japanese encephalitis, rabies.
    • Bacterial: cholera.
  • Fractional
    • Protein-Based
      • Toxoid: diphtheria, tetanus,
      • Subunit:
        • Protein isolation: pertussis, influenza,
        • Recombinant: hepatitis B, human papillomavirus,
    • Polysaccharide-Based
      • Pure: pneumococcal, meningococcal, typhoid (Vi),
      • Conjugate: pneumococcal, meningococcal,

• Classification of Vaccines

• Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
• Influenza vaccine

• Hajj and Umrah Health Requirements
• Memish ZA. The Hajj: communicable and non-communicable health hazards and current guidance for pilgrims. Euro Surveill. 2010;15(39)
• Memish Z.A., Goubeaud A., Broker M., Malerczyk C., Shibl A.M. Invasive meningococcal disease and travel. J Infect Public Health. 2010;3(4):143-151.

Vaccine schedule / vaccination schedule / immunisation schedule / immunization schedule :

Annex A

Vaccination against	Birth	1 month	3 months	4 months	5 months	6 months	12 months	15 months	18 months	6-7 years^	10-11 years^^
Tuberculosis	BCG
Hepatitis B	HepB (D1)	HepB (D2)			HepB (D3)#
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis			DTaP (D1)	DTaP (D2)	DTaP (D3)				DTaP (B1)		Tdap (B2)
Poliovirus			OPV (D1)	OPV (D2)	OPV (D3)				OPV (B1)	OPV (B2)	OPV (B3)
Measles, Mumps, Rubella							MMR (D1)	MMR (D2)##
Pneumococcal Disease			PCV (D1)		PCV (D2)		PCV (B1)
Human Papillomavirus		Recommended for females 9 to 26 years; three doses are required at intervals of 0, 2, 6 months
Influenza		Recommended annually for all children aged 6 months to <5 years and children aged 6 months to <18 years in high-risk groups

Notes: BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guérin HepB Hepatitis B vaccine DTaP Paediatric diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine Tdap Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine MMR Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine OPV Oral polio vaccine PCV Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine D1/D2/D3 1st dose, 2nd dose, 3rd dose B1/B2/B3 1st booster, 2nd booster, 3rd booster ^ Primary 1 ^^ Primary 5

# 3rd dose of HepB can be given with the 3rd dose of DTaP and OPV for the convenience of parents. ## 2nd dose of MMR can be given between 15-18 months

References:

• National Childhood and Adolescent Immunisation Schedule, Singapore For persons aged 0 to <18 years
• Infectious Diseases (Diphtheria and Measles Vaccination) Regulations

• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis) vaccine: Boostrix®
• MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine
• PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine): Prevenar 13®
• HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine: Gardasil® & Cervarix®
• Influenza vaccine

• Influenza Vaccine images
• Influenza Vaccine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Influenza Vaccine: Definition from Answers.com
• Influenza Vaccine - definition of Influenza Vaccine in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.

Composition of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Affects the Antigen Yield of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Candidate Vaccine Viruses.
Fri, 01 Mar 2013 11:30:02 +0100 | Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
In this study, we showed that the balance between HA and NA in the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus affects its protein and antigen yield.

Effects of Simultaneous Immunization of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccine and Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine on Anti-Tetanus Potencies in Mice, Guinea Pigs, and Rats.
Fri, 01 Mar 2013 11:30:02 +0100 | Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
In this study, we investigated the effect of HibT containing combination vaccines on anti-tetanus potencies by using animal models (mouse, guinea pig, and rat). HibT vaccine and HibT components of imported DTaP-HibT vaccine alone showed comparable or higher anti-tetanus potency than DTaP vaccine and DTaP-containing components of combination vaccines. Mixing these components before injection resulted in potencies greater than the sum of individual potencies. Injecting individual components at separate sites in animals resulted in potency roughly equivalent to the sum of the individual potencies. These results provide useful information regarding the use of HibT-containing multivalent vaccines in childhood immunization.

FDA panel approved four-strain flu shot
Fri, 01 Mar 2013 03:37:17 +0100 | Health News - UPI.com
WASHINGTON, Feb. 28 (UPI) -- An advisory committee on vaccines for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved adding a fourth strain of influenza to next year's seasonal flu vaccine. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

FDA Panel Expands Flu Vaccine
Wed, 27 Feb 2013 21:51:04 +0100 | WSJ.com: Health
A federal advisory panel signed off on adding an additional strain of influenza protection to some of next year's vaccines. (Source: WSJ.com: Health)

Adjuvanted Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Vaccine in Patients With Hematological Diseases: Good Safety and Immunogenicity Even in Chemotherapy‐Treated Patients
Wed, 27 Feb 2013 16:32:25 +0100 | European Journal of Haematology
ConclusionsA substantial proportion of patients with hematological malignancies including patients undergoing chemotherapy mounted a good response to the adjuvanted pandemic vaccine. This vaccine had superior immonogenicity as compared to the non‐adjuvanted TIV.© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S (Source: European Journal of Haematology)

Swine flu jab narcolepsy risk is very small
Wed, 27 Feb 2013 11:03:00 +0100 | NHS News Feed
Conclusion

Flu shots during pregnancy lead to 4,250 percent increase in fetal deaths
Wed, 27 Feb 2013 06:00:00 +0100 | NaturalNews.com
For years, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has maintained that the combined influenza vaccine, which was first administered during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu season, is perfectly safe and actually encouraged for pregnant women. But a new study... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

Increased Risk Of Sleep Disorder In Children Who Received Swine Flu Vaccine
Wed, 27 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0100 | Health News from Medical News Today
Results consistent with findings from Finland and Sweden, but may still be overestimated A study published on bmj.com today finds an increased risk of narcolepsy in children and adolescents who received the A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine (Pandemrix) during the pandemic in England. The results are consistent with previous studies from Finland and Sweden and indicate that the association is not confined to Scandinavian populations... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Influenza A virus vaccine H1N1: Allergic symptoms: 9 case reports
Tue, 26 Feb 2013 12:03:33 +0100 | Reactions
(Source: Reactions)

Abatacept and reduced immune response to pandemic 2009 influenza A/H1N1 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Tue, 26 Feb 2013 05:00:00 +0100 | Arthritis Care and Research
ConclusionThe current study established that ABA, in association with traditional DMARDs, significantly reduces the humoral response to pandemic 2009 influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in RA patients. The results suggest an influence of costimulatory modulation in humoral response to this vaccine. (Source: Arthritis Care and Research)

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